چارچوب چندمقیاسی مورفولوژیک – آیرودینامیکی کیفیت هوای شهری: تبیین سازوکارهای اثرگذاری فرم شهری بر انتقال آلاینده و مواجهه انسانی

محمدمهدی مولایی; وجیهه نوری

Authors

Mohammadmehdi Moulaii Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
Vajiheh Nouri PhD student, Department of Architecture, Faculty of Art and Architecture, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran Author

Keywords:

Pollutant dispersion, Urban ventilation, Street canyon, Critical synthesis, Human exposure

Abstract

Urban air quality is shaped by complex interactions among pollutant emission loads, meteorological conditions, urban spatial structure, and human exposure patterns. Although numerous studies have investigated the influence of urban morphological characteristics on ventilation and pollutant dispersion, fragmented analytical scales, diverse evaluation indicators, and a focus on isolated variables have limited the development of an integrated understanding of how urban form affects air quality. This study aims to elucidate the mechanisms linking urban morphology, aerodynamic processes, pollutant transport, and human exposure by developing a multiscale framework for analysing the relationship between urban form and air quality. The research adopts an applied–developmental approach and employs an integrative literature review with a critical synthesis methodology. Evidence from theoretical studies, field measurements, statistical analyses, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, spatial analyses, and remote sensing studies was systematically reviewed and synthesized across macro-, meso-, and micro-scales. The findings demonstrate that the effects of morphological attributes on air quality are neither linear nor independent; rather, they depend on the interactions among spatial scale, wind conditions, emission characteristics, urban configuration, and receptor location. Furthermore, ventilation-related indicators, such as airflow velocity and air exchange rate, cannot independently represent air quality performance, and reliable assessment requires simultaneous consideration of pollutant pathways, concentration distribution, and human exposure patterns. The proposed framework integrates the relationships among emission sources, transport mechanisms, environmental responses, and human exposure, providing a knowledge-based foundation for urban planning, morphological design, and evidence-informed air quality strategies.

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References

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